What is the most important predictor of survival in a drowning situation?

The duration of submersion is the most important predictor of survival in a drowning situation. Research indicates that longer periods spent underwater significantly decrease the chances of survival due to factors such as hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and potential drowning-induced injuries. The brain and vital organs begin to suffer irreversible damage after approximately four to six minutes without oxygen, so the length of time a person remains submerged is critical.

While water conditions, the age of the individual, and swimming ability certainly play roles in drowning incidents, they do not impact survival as directly as the duration of submersion. For example, strong water currents or dangerous conditions can affect the likelihood of a person drowning but once a drowning occurs, the paramount concern becomes how long the person has been submerged.