For a small child, what is an effective method of extrication from the water?

For a small child, lifting the child directly from the water to the deck without using a backboard is considered an effective method of extrication because it allows for immediate and direct support. Children, especially when small, can be more easily managed without the added complexity of a backboard, which may not be necessary if the child is conscious and responsive. This method enables the lifeguard to maintain close contact with the child throughout the lifting process, ensuring a swift and secure transition to safety.

In situations where the child is injured or unconscious, additional methods such as the use of a backboard would be warranted, as it provides added support and reduces the risk of further injury. However, in a case where immediate action is required and the child is able to be lifted safely, the direct lift is often the most efficient approach. Additionally, the immediate priority is to get the child out of the water swiftly to ensure their safety and prevent any further potential drowning incidents.