Do individuals always exhibit instinctive responses on the surface during drowning?

Individuals do not always exhibit instinctive responses on the surface during drowning due to several factors. When a person is drowning, their body may not react in a visible manner because they might be struggling underwater, panicking, or experiencing a loss of consciousness. Drowning can occur silently, especially in the case of a person who is unable to call for help or signal their distress, making it difficult for lifeguards or bystanders to recognize that someone is in danger.

Factors such as the person's level of physical ability, mental state, and physiological response to stress can all affect how or if they display distress signals. In some cases, individuals may be submerged for extended periods without making any noticeable movement at the surface, which can lead to misunderstandings about the seriousness of the situation. Consequently, it's crucial for lifeguards and those responsible for water safety to remain vigilant and aware of environmental cues and unusual behavior in the water, rather than relying solely on observable instinctive responses.